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- # Author: Fred L. Drake, Jr.
- # fdrake@acm.org
- #
- # This is a simple little module I wrote to make life easier. I didn't
- # see anything quite like it in the library, though I may have overlooked
- # something. I wrote this when I was trying to read some heavily nested
- # tuples with fairly non-descriptive content. This is modeled very much
- # after Lisp/Scheme - style pretty-printing of lists. If you find it
- # useful, thank small children who sleep at night.
-
- """Support to pretty-print lists, tuples, & dictionaries recursively.
-
- Very simple, but useful, especially in debugging data structures.
-
- Classes
- -------
-
- PrettyPrinter()
- Handle pretty-printing operations onto a stream using a configured
- set of formatting parameters.
-
- Functions
- ---------
-
- pformat()
- Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation.
-
- pprint()
- Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout].
-
- saferepr()
- Generate a 'standard' repr()-like value, but protect against recursive
- data structures.
-
- """
-
- from types import DictType, ListType, TupleType, StringType
- import sys
-
- try:
- from cStringIO import StringIO
- except ImportError:
- from StringIO import StringIO
-
- __all__ = ["pprint","pformat","isreadable","isrecursive","saferepr",
- "PrettyPrinter"]
-
- # cache these for faster access:
- _commajoin = ", ".join
- _sys_modules = sys.modules
- _id = id
- _len = len
- _type = type
-
-
- def pprint(object, stream=None):
- """Pretty-print a Python object to a stream [default is sys.sydout]."""
- printer = PrettyPrinter(stream=stream)
- printer.pprint(object)
-
- def pformat(object):
- """Format a Python object into a pretty-printed representation."""
- return PrettyPrinter().pformat(object)
-
- def saferepr(object):
- """Version of repr() which can handle recursive data structures."""
- return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[0]
-
- def isreadable(object):
- """Determine if saferepr(object) is readable by eval()."""
- return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[1]
-
- def isrecursive(object):
- """Determine if object requires a recursive representation."""
- return _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)[2]
-
- class PrettyPrinter:
- def __init__(self, indent=1, width=80, depth=None, stream=None):
- """Handle pretty printing operations onto a stream using a set of
- configured parameters.
-
- indent
- Number of spaces to indent for each level of nesting.
-
- width
- Attempted maximum number of columns in the output.
-
- depth
- The maximum depth to print out nested structures.
-
- stream
- The desired output stream. If omitted (or false), the standard
- output stream available at construction will be used.
-
- """
- indent = int(indent)
- width = int(width)
- assert indent >= 0
- assert depth is None or depth > 0, "depth must be > 0"
- assert width
- self.__depth = depth
- self.__indent_per_level = indent
- self.__width = width
- if stream:
- self.__stream = stream
- else:
- self.__stream = sys.stdout
-
- def pprint(self, object):
- self.__stream.write(self.pformat(object) + "\n")
-
- def pformat(self, object):
- sio = StringIO()
- self.__format(object, sio, 0, 0, {}, 0)
- return sio.getvalue()
-
- def isrecursive(self, object):
- self.__recursive = 0
- self.__repr(object, {}, 0)
- return self.__recursive
-
- def isreadable(self, object):
- self.__recursive = 0
- self.__readable = 1
- self.__repr(object, {}, 0)
- return self.__readable and not self.__recursive
-
- def __format(self, object, stream, indent, allowance, context, level):
- level = level + 1
- objid = _id(object)
- if objid in context:
- stream.write(_recursion(object))
- self.__recursive = 1
- self.__readable = 0
- return
- rep = self.__repr(object, context, level - 1)
- typ = _type(object)
- sepLines = _len(rep) > (self.__width - 1 - indent - allowance)
- write = stream.write
-
- if sepLines:
- if typ is DictType:
- write('{')
- if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
- write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
- length = _len(object)
- if length:
- context[objid] = 1
- indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
- items = object.items()
- items.sort()
- key, ent = items[0]
- rep = self.__repr(key, context, level)
- write(rep)
- write(': ')
- self.__format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
- allowance + 1, context, level)
- if length > 1:
- for key, ent in items[1:]:
- rep = self.__repr(key, context, level)
- write(',\n%s%s: ' % (' '*indent, rep))
- self.__format(ent, stream, indent + _len(rep) + 2,
- allowance + 1, context, level)
- indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
- del context[objid]
- write('}')
- return
-
- if typ is ListType or typ is TupleType:
- if typ is ListType:
- write('[')
- endchar = ']'
- else:
- write('(')
- endchar = ')'
- if self.__indent_per_level > 1:
- write((self.__indent_per_level - 1) * ' ')
- length = _len(object)
- if length:
- context[objid] = 1
- indent = indent + self.__indent_per_level
- self.__format(object[0], stream, indent, allowance + 1,
- context, level)
- if length > 1:
- for ent in object[1:]:
- write(',\n' + ' '*indent)
- self.__format(ent, stream, indent,
- allowance + 1, context, level)
- indent = indent - self.__indent_per_level
- del context[objid]
- if typ is TupleType and length == 1:
- write(',')
- write(endchar)
- return
-
- write(rep)
-
- def __repr(self, object, context, level):
- repr, readable, recursive = _safe_repr(object, context,
- self.__depth, level)
- if not readable:
- self.__readable = 0
- if recursive:
- self.__recursive = 1
- return repr
-
- # Return triple (repr_string, isreadable, isrecursive).
-
- def _safe_repr(object, context, maxlevels, level):
- typ = _type(object)
- if typ is StringType:
- if 'locale' not in _sys_modules:
- return `object`, 1, 0
- if "'" in object and '"' not in object:
- closure = '"'
- quotes = {'"': '\\"'}
- else:
- closure = "'"
- quotes = {"'": "\\'"}
- qget = quotes.get
- sio = StringIO()
- write = sio.write
- for char in object:
- if char.isalpha():
- write(char)
- else:
- write(qget(char, `char`[1:-1]))
- return ("%s%s%s" % (closure, sio.getvalue(), closure)), 1, 0
-
- if typ is DictType:
- if not object:
- return "{}", 1, 0
- objid = _id(object)
- if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
- return "{...}", 0, objid in context
- if objid in context:
- return _recursion(object), 0, 1
- context[objid] = 1
- readable = 1
- recursive = 0
- components = []
- append = components.append
- level += 1
- saferepr = _safe_repr
- for k, v in object.iteritems():
- krepr, kreadable, krecur = saferepr(k, context, maxlevels, level)
- vrepr, vreadable, vrecur = saferepr(v, context, maxlevels, level)
- append("%s: %s" % (krepr, vrepr))
- readable = readable and kreadable and vreadable
- if krecur or vrecur:
- recursive = 1
- del context[objid]
- return "{%s}" % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
-
- if typ is ListType or typ is TupleType:
- if typ is ListType:
- if not object:
- return "[]", 1, 0
- format = "[%s]"
- elif _len(object) == 1:
- format = "(%s,)"
- else:
- if not object:
- return "()", 1, 0
- format = "(%s)"
- objid = _id(object)
- if maxlevels and level > maxlevels:
- return format % "...", 0, objid in context
- if objid in context:
- return _recursion(object), 0, 1
- context[objid] = 1
- readable = 1
- recursive = 0
- components = []
- append = components.append
- level += 1
- for o in object:
- orepr, oreadable, orecur = _safe_repr(o, context, maxlevels, level)
- append(orepr)
- if not oreadable:
- readable = 0
- if orecur:
- recursive = 1
- del context[objid]
- return format % _commajoin(components), readable, recursive
-
- rep = `object`
- return rep, (rep and not rep.startswith('<')), 0
-
-
- def _recursion(object):
- return ("<Recursion on %s with id=%s>"
- % (_type(object).__name__, _id(object)))
-
-
- def _perfcheck(object=None):
- import time
- if object is None:
- object = [("string", (1, 2), [3, 4], {5: 6, 7: 8})] * 100000
- p = PrettyPrinter()
- t1 = time.time()
- _safe_repr(object, {}, None, 0)
- t2 = time.time()
- p.pformat(object)
- t3 = time.time()
- print "_safe_repr:", t2 - t1
- print "pformat:", t3 - t2
-
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- _perfcheck()
-